by Sue S.
I would like to preface this article by saying that writing is not a gift that I have.
However, I have been told that research is something I am good at. Pretty much if you need to know it, either I can find it on my own or I know somebody who knows somebody.
Over the years, I have done a great deal of research, for all different reasons. I even do it when I’m bored and want to learn something new. I’ve come up with a system that works for me.
Research is important in any writing you do. Even if you’re creating a completely new world, this world must be plausible to your reading audience. This is where research comes in. You also want your world to be unique from anything else ever written. Again, research. If you wish to be published, you have to know your genre and how to sell it. Yes, you guessed it. You will need to research this, as well.
Back when I was writing papers in high school and college (before dirt was new), I remember my teachers and professors saying that you need to find reliable and varied sources to back up your information. We were told to only use an encyclopedia to form a general knowledge of a topic and then find some more substantial way to back up our claims.
Way back then, reliable sources for information would be a published book on the topic, an article in a professional journal, or an interview with someone who knew something about the topic (obviously there are other sources as well). So in the olden days if you were researching something, you’d start with an encyclopedia to get an overview of your topic. Next, you’d go to the library and hunt through the card catalog where you’d find the necessary books, sit at a table, write down your sources, find your info, and move on.
As you can guess, I went to school many, many, moons ago before the dawn of the information age. Now we have Google, Wikipedia, and professional websites like the CDC-Online. We have millions of blogs with people giving their opinions and information on everything under the sun. The sheer volume of information available is enough to make one’s head swim.
So how does the average person find anything reliable in this mess that is the web? The first thing I do is exactly what I did as a kid: look for a general base of knowledge and build from there.
First things first. Ask yourself, “What are the questions you want answered?” It’s easy if you have one question to answer. You search for it, find three reliable sources that can verify the same answer, and that is generally the right one. But what are reliable sources?
A lot of people think Wikipedia is not a reliable source because anyone can edit it. I personally find it to be a good place to start because it offers a good base of general information (much like my Dad’s old encyclopedias). Wikipedia can help you find more questions, thereby refining your search.
Now I am going to take you on a simple, guided tour of how to research something. Let’s pretend that I’m writing a book (try not to laugh too hard, just pity whoever has to do the editing). My book has a woman in it who loves costumes and she wants to know what women wore in colonial America. So I go to Google and type in: “Women’s Clothing in Colonial America.” This is what I get:

Now, I know nothing about their clothes except that they wore dresses. However, I need to know the layers of clothes, what body parts were acceptable to be seen, the types of cloth typically used, and the the differences in style based not only on location, but also the social status of the woman. Additionally, I need to know all about the undergarments’ construction and when they were worn.
Something as simple as what someone wore in a certain time period can lead to lots of questions, and generally the answers are in those pages. You can even look up a historical society (many of them have web sites) and they can point you in the right direction.
What if I want to find something medical? That can be a bit more tricky, especially if you have no medical background yourself . For one thing, you will need to keep dictionary.com open (I know I do) and use it to find the meaning of the words you don’t know. It also helps to be able to identify the discipline you are researching.
As an example of a medical search, let’s use my son’s condition: Sensory Integration Issues. When I first heard this, I asked questions. Tons of them. I wrote those questions down on paper and then went home and hit Google. Here is what comes up under the general search:

The very first site is a Wiki article. Since I knew nothing about this disorder, I read the article. I also went to the various foundation web sites, and then I went looking for more specific information on how to deal with him at home. In order to find out what might help him the most, I went to web sites specifically set up by Occupational Therapists (the medical professionals who treat the symptoms of this disorder, helping children adapt to their environment).
In my searches I was able to find toys and activities that assisted my son in his discovery of things.
As you dig through articles and other information, you may want to find more personal accounts of how people deal with particular issues. This is where blogs come in. Yes, a blog can be a good source depending on what you are using it for. If I need to know how a mom feels when she has a child with a certain disorder or how someone copes with loss, or even potty training, reading a blog is a good way to learn from another person’s perspective.
Just remember, a blog is something personal. The information is tainted, in a sense, with another person’s feelings and opinions. There are still good facts to be found, but take the information with a grain of salt. The same thing goes with message boards. Again, they can be sources to get you pointed in the right direction, but they are not always a very reliable sources of facts.
Now, I am sure you are asking, “Sue, what does this have to do with me finding out about (insert your topic here)?”
My point is that research is a process. You cannot accept fact from just one source. You need to vary your sources in order to find the truth. Utilize all of your resources; you have more at your fingertips than you can imagine.
One of my greatest sources of information is Twitter. It’s faster than Google and I have a lot of followers from varied backgrounds who can point me in the right direction or outright answer just about any question. I’ve also been known to ask my kids not just their opinion, but what they would want to know about something. Sometimes an adult’s mind is too full of stuff to get to the very basic questions that need to be asked, so do not discount the kids! My boys have often helped me find things just by asking questions I didn’t think to ask.
In my opinion, good research can make or break the story. You, the author, do not want me, the reader, scratching my head fifty pages in and thinking that something back there didn’t work! If I get fixated on something that is not plausible, you’ve lost me as a reader.
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